Beyond Meat – The Evolving Role of Artificial Human Replicas in Medical Training and Simulation and the Impact on 3R

As medical training evolves, traditional cadavers and animal models are increasingly supplemented - and in some cases replaced - by high-fidelity artificial human replicas. This article explores how phantoms and simulators support the 3R principles (Reduce, Refine, Replace), offering ethical, scalable, and anatomically realistic solutions for both training and R&D.